The roller through shot blasting machine can work continuously without interruption, and can perform deoxidation, cleaning, and pretreatment on various steel materials such as steel plates, steel beams, steel sections, steel pipes, and cast steel parts in a continuous manner. During the cleaning process, steel structural components or steel are fed into the ejection area of the cleaning machine chamber by a variable speed conveyor roller. The surrounding surfaces are subjected to strong and dense projectile impacts and friction from different coordinate orientations, causing the oxide scale, rust layer, and dirt on them to quickly fall off. The steel surface obtains a certain roughness and smoothness, and the workpieces are loaded and unloaded on the inlet and outlet roller conveyors on both sides of the cleaning room. The pellets and rust dust falling onto the steel are blown by the blowing device, and the separated pure pellets are used for shot blasting cycle. Dust is generated during shot blasting and is sent to the dust removal system through the exhaust pipe. The purified air is discharged into the atmosphere.